The Vikings and America
Erik Red was Viking from Scandinavia. He lived in country now known as Norway. He was leader of small group of people and he was very violent man. In 975 he was accused of manslaughter and was banished from country. He went to Iceland and formed small colony there. few years later he was exiled from Iceland for three years and with his followers he sailed west to Greenland, very large island he had discovered in 984. Bjarne Herjulfson was sea-captain who wanted to see his father again after many years. He found out that his father was living with colony Eric had started in Greenland so in 986 he sailed from Iceland to Greenland to search for him. weather, during the voyage, was very bad and ship was blown off course during storm. When storm finished he realised that he was near land. He sailed past two large flat wooded areas of land but he did not stop his ship. He sailed on to Greenland where he told story of new land. What he saw was Labrador and Baffin Island, two areas of North America. Bjarne is considered by experts to be " earliest, Number One, indubitable European discover of America even if he did not land". In 1001, Eric's son, Leif Lucky, bought Bjarne's ship and sailed off to new land he had been told about to get wood as Greenland did not have enough trees. He landed on Labrador's beaches in December and eventually settled in Newfoundland for year. He called land Vinland as wild grapes grew there, descendants of his first colony lived in Newfoundland for about 20 years but attempts to settle were abandoned because of "hostile natives". Dating procedures based on carbon 14 have confirmed that eight house sites in area date from about year 1000.
Apart from Vikings, there are other "stories" of explorers who sailed to Americas before great voyages of Christopher Columbus. Here is another story. Sir Henry Sinclair, Scottish earl of Orkney, and Antonio Zeno, his friend from Venice, set sail (prendere il mare) from Scotland to look for "Estotiland". They had heard about this land from fishermen and knew that it was somewhere west of Greenland. They landed in Nova Scotia and although Antonio soon returned, Sir Henry stayed on to make detailed maps of area. Unfortunately, these maps have been lost. Many people doubt this story but how can we explain Antonio's story of pitch, black sticky substance, coming out of ground? This is phenomenon that once existed in Nova Scotia. And how can we explain drawings and legends of Micmac Indians recalling arrival of "prince" which describe Sir Henry very closely? All this happened just under 100 years before Christopher Columbus set sail from Palos in Spain. |